Coupling in situ experiments and modeling – Opportunities for data fusion,machine learning,and discovery of emergent behavior

This paper reviews recent studies, that not only includes both experiments and modeling components, but celebrates a close coupling between these techniques, in order to provide insights into the plasticity and failure of polycrystalline metals. Examples are provided of studies across multiple-scales, including, but not limited to, density functional theory combined with atom probe tomography, molecular dynamics combined with in situ transmission electron miscopy, discrete dislocation dynamics combined with nanopillars experiments, crystal plasticity combined with digital image correlation, and crystal plasticity combined with in situ high energy X-ray diffraction. The close synergy between in situ experiments and modeling provides new opportunities for model calibration, verification, and validation, by providing direct means of comparison, thus removing aspects of epistemic uncertainty in the approach. Further, data fusion between in situ experimental and model-based data, along with data driven approaches, provides a paradigm shift for determining the emergent behavior of deformation and failure, which is the foundation that underpins the mechanical behavior of polycrystalline materials.     

Intrinsic dielectric behavior of Mg2TiO4 spinel ceramic

In the work, we focused on the intrinsic dielectric behavior of Mg₂TiO₄ spinel ceramic by P–V–L theory and infrared spectra analysis. Ti–O bonds have larger bond ionicity values, thus playing an important role in dielectric polarization. The theoretical dielectric constant was predicted by calculating the bond susceptibility of each chemical bond. Furthermore, Ti(1)–O bonds are responsible for the structural stability of Mg₂TiO₄ ceramic. Based on classical dispersion theory, permittivity and loss corresponding to each infrared active mode were quantified, and then the crucial contribution of low-frequency modes to intrinsic dielectric properties were determined.     

Stereo matching cost computation based on nonsubsampled contourlet transform

A new matching cost computation method based on nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) for stereo image matching is proposed in this paper. Firstly, stereo image is decomposed into high frequency sub-band images at different scales and along different directions by NSCT. Secondly, by utilizing coefficients in high frequency domain and grayscales in RGB color space, the computation model of weighted matching cost between two pixels is designed based on the gestalt laws. Lastly, two types of experiments are carried out with standard stereopairs in the Middlebury benchmark. One of the experiments is to confirm optimum values of NSCT scale and direction parameters, and the other is to compare proposed matching cost with nine known matching costs. Experimental results show that the optimum values of scale and direction parameters are respectively 2 and 3, and the matching accuracy of the proposed matching cost is twice higher than that of traditional NCC cost.     

深度学习识别光网络单元故障的设计与应用

为解决依赖装维上门鉴别光网络单元故障带来的不便,可以从机器视觉入手实现自动化故障识别。近年,ImageNet挑战赛的成功推动了物体识别技术的跨越式发展,特别是基于卷积的深度学习技术在视觉识别方面已经达到人类水平,为光网络单元故障的自动识别提供了技术基础。文章对识别光网络单元的工作状态进行了研究,将设备工作状态分为7个场景,提出了利用手机APP采集图片识别故障的解决方案并投入了实际生产;重点阐述了深度学习模块的设计与实现,提出一种通过算法整合的方式综合运用物体检测和图像分类算法,分3阶段逐步求精,解决了图片过滤,光网络单元型号和状态识别等问题,实现了基于计算机视觉自动识别光网络单元故障。从数据上看产品的端到端准确率超过84%,识别速度达到10 FPS,月均提供服务超过1万人次,在减少用户等待的同时节约了人力资源。     

Review of pulsed thermal NDT: Physical principles,theory and data processing

This paper summarizes the basics of pulsed thermal nondestructive testing (TNDT) including theoretical solutions, data processing algorithms and practical implementation. Typical defects are discussed along with 1D analytical and multi-dimensional numerical solutions. Special emphasis is focused on defect characterization by the use of inverse solutions. A list of TNDT terms is provided. Applications of active TNDT, mainly in the aerospace industry, are discussed briefly, and some trends in the further development of this technique are described.     

Kernel-based fourth-order diffusion for image noise removal

The fourth-order partial differential equations have good performance on noise smoothing and edge preservation without creating blocky effects on smooth regions. However, for low signal-to-noise ratio images, the discrimination between edges and noise is a challenging problem. A novel kernel-based fourth-order diffusion is proposed in this paper. It introduces a kernelized gradient operator in the fourth-order diffusion process, which leads to more effective noise removal capability. Experiment results show that this method outperforms several previous anisotropic diffusion methods for noise removal and edge preservation.     

具有光照鲁棒的图像匹配方法

针对现有的基于局部特征的图像匹配算法对光照变化敏感、匹配正确率低等问题，提出一种具有光照鲁棒性的图像匹配算法。首先使用实时对比保留去色（RTCP）算法灰度化图像，然后利用对比拉伸函数模拟不同光照变换对图像的影响从而提取抗光照变换特征点，最后采用局部强度顺序模式建立特征点描述符，根据待匹配图像局部特征点描述符的欧氏距离判断是否为成对匹配点。在公开数据集上，所提算法与尺度不变特征变换（SIFT）算法、加速鲁棒特征（SURF）算法、"风"（KAZE）算法和ORB算法在匹配速度和匹配正确率上进行了对比实验。实验结果表明：随着图像亮度差异的增加，SIFT算法、SURF算法、"风"（KAZE）算法和ORB算法匹配正确率下降迅速，所提算法下降缓慢并且正确率均高于80%；所提算法特征点检测较慢和描述符维数较高，平均耗时为23.47 s，匹配速度不及另外四种算法，但匹配质量却远超过它们。对实时性要求不高的系统中，所提算法可以克服光照变化对图像匹配造成的影响。     

Non-chaotic and chaotic propagation of stationary and dynamic images through MVKS turbulence

Anisoplanatic electromagnetic (EM) propagation across a turbulent atmosphere has been recently examined for an unmodulated carrier propagating over an image-bearing transparency through optical lensing, and for the embedded information inside a carrier recovered using heterodyning and digital demodulation. Carrier modulation yielded better recovery than simple lens-based imaging. A possible mitigation strategy is proposed whereby the image information is encrypted on an RF chaotic carrier, thereafter secondarily embedded onto an optical carrier. Results based on the modified von Karman (MVKS) and the Hufnagel-Valley (H-V) models showed that the signal/image recovery under turbulence is improved compared with non-chaotic propagation. The case of time-varying/dynamic images is also taken up; it is demonstrated via cross-correlation products that turbulence is mitigated by the use of chaotic carrier encryption. Overall, transmission via chaos offers mitigation against distortions due to turbulence along with the security feature inherent via the chaos keys which prevent signal recovery without key-matching.     

煤矿地面轨道运输矿车自动避障技术研究

介绍了煤矿地面轨道运输矿车自动避障技术。首先介绍了基于雷达的矿车前方障碍物检测技术及其相关算法,然后详细介绍了基于机器视觉的矿车前方障碍物检测系统和常用的图像处理方法以及相关的算法,最后介绍了雷达和机器视觉融合的障碍物检测技术在煤矿地面轨道运输矿车自动避障过程中的应用。     

Road Extraction from High Resolution Remote Sensing Image based on Shape Analysis with Gestalt Theory

Simulating the psychological experience of human vision，a road extraction model based on the format tower is proposed to extract the road in the high resolution remote sensing image from the perspective of morphology.Firstly，based on the spectral and texture information，the suspected road targets are extracted by using segmentation technology.Then these targets are classified according to their reliability and extract the road targets for each category.Finally，three types of identified road information are verified and merged，and the continuous smooth road extraction results are obtained.Experiments on real high resolution images show that the results are consistent with the visual perception of the human eye，and the overall classification accuracy is higher，indicating that the algorithm is effective and feasible and has good use value.